Alandalus, a general summary
After Tarif’s, Tariq’s, and Musa’s campaigns into the Iberian peninsula, Alandalus was an Umayyad state. Arabs from all around the Levant (Bilad Al Sham) and the Arabian peninsula came to the new state. In 750 CE the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus was overthrown by the Abbasids. Abdalrahman I, an Umayyad prince, made his way through to Alandalus, and took back the Umayyad reign, and unified the region. More Arabian tribes and families followed him. Abdalrahman I called himself an Emir rather than a Caliph respectfully; he thought the Islamic Caliphate ought to be closer to its source (Arabian peninsula), however, years later the Abbasid Caliphate was falling apart, the vast empire that they took from the Umayyads was dissolving. Abdalrahman Al Nasir founded the Caliphate in Alandalus, and served as the first Andalusian Caliph, the country became the strongest it ever was, peace spread over the land, a kingdom of heaven blossomed. Literature, Music, Architecture, Sciences, and Medicine all flourished, until the Berber Fitna (war) on Arab, which brought down the reign. Alandalus was never united after that, for centuries to come, different cities would become separate kingdoms, until the last kingdom: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗱𝗼𝗺 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗮, ruled by Banu Nasr or Al Ahmar (descendants of Banu Khazraj). It remained as the only Arabian kingdom in Alandalus for over two centuries, until the Spanish Inquisition.